What is self-inductance?

* Question

What is self-inductance?

* Answer

Self-inductance is the property of an electrical circuit—typically a coil or inductor—that causes it to oppose changes in the current flowing through it by generating a voltage (electromotive force, or emf) within the same circuit.

Mathematically:

ε=−L*dI/dt

Where:

ε is the self-induced emf (volts)

L is the self-inductance (henrys)

dI/dt is the rate of change of current with respect to time

How It Works: The Physical Principle

When current flows through a closed loop (such as a coil), it generates a magnetic field. If the current changes over time, the magnetic flux passing through the loop also changes. According to Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, this change in magnetic flux induces an emf in the same loop.

This induced voltage:

Opposes the change in the original current (per Lenz’s Law)

Acts as a form of “electrical inertia” that resists rapid current shifts

This entire phenomenon is called self-inductance, and the voltage generated is called the self-induced emf.

Engineering Significance

Self-inductance is a core principle in:

Inductors used in filters, converters, and power supplies

Transformers, where it governs energy storage in primary windings

Circuit protection, where inductance limits current surges

Signal conditioning, particularly in high-speed or RF designs

It explains why circuits with inductors resist sudden current changes—helping to stabilize voltages and suppress noise.

Self-Inductance vs. Mutual Inductance

Summary

Self-inductance is the mechanism by which a coil responds to changes in its own current by generating an opposing voltage. It is governed by electromagnetic laws and plays a crucial role in energy conversion, signal integrity, and power management.

Understanding self-inductance is fundamental for working with inductive components and designing reliable analog or power electronics systems.