Ten Daily Electronic Common Sense-Section 28

What are the three unique micro-manufacturing technologies in the current industry?

There are three unique microfabrication technologies in the current industry: bulk silicon microfabrication, surface microfabrication, and LIGA processes.

What are the two problems with capacitive sensors?

• The capacitance of the shielded wire itself is relatively large, the maximum can reach several hundred pico-farads per meter, and the minimum is several pico-farads.
• The capacitance of the cable itself varies greatly due to different placement positions and shapes, which will cause the sensor characteristics to be unstable.

What parts of the design process are included?

• Syntax checking and design rule checking
• Logic optimization and synthesis
• Adaptation and segmentation

Which registers are controlled by each pin that is a GPIo function?

Each pin that functions as a GPIO is controlled by 4 registers, which are IoxDIR to control the direction, IoxSET and IoxCLR to control the output level state, and IoxPIN to reflect the pin level state. These 4 registers form a group, and a group of registers controls a port (P0, P1, P2 or P3).

Which four different information frames does CAN define?

1. Data frame: Transmit data from the sender to the receiver.
2. Remote frame: Sent by a node on the bus, requesting to send a data frame with the same identifier as this frame.
3. Error frame: Once a node finds an error, it sends out an error frame.
4. Overload frame: Used to request to add a delay before the arrival of the next data frame or remote frame. There is an isolation field between the data frame and the remote frame and the previous frame, that is, the inter-frame interval.

What are the functions of each storage area of the LCD?

DD RAM (Display Data RAM) stores the character codes that can be displayed on the screen and is the most commonly used memory area. Each character encoding stored in DD RAM is associated with a bitmap stored in the CG ROM character set or the CG RAM character set. The bitmaps in the CG ROM character set are predefined, while the bitmaps in the CG RAM character set are user-defined.

How does a wavelength modulated fiber sensor work?

The wavelength modulation fiber optic sensor is mainly realized by using the optical spectrum characteristic of the sensing probe to change with the external physical quantity.

Verilog HDL provides a rich set of operators, which can be divided into different types according to the computing function？

• Operators are divided into the following types:
  1. Arithmetic operators;
  2. Relational operators;
  3. Equality operators;
  4. Logical operators;
  5. Bit operators;
  6. Abbreviation operators;
  7. Shift operators;
  8. Conditional operators operator;
  9. Bit concatenation operator.

The design and development of IPN has become the key to solving the missions and network interconnection of deep space planetary communications. What are the problems that the Interstellar Internet Network needs to solve?

1. Very long and variable propagation delay;
2. Asymmetric forward and reverse link capability;
3. High bit error rate of the communication channel;
4. Intermittent connection;
5. Lack of fixed Communication infrastructure;
6. Effect of distance between planets on signal strength;
7. Energy consumption, mass, size and cost constrain the design of hardware and protocols.

What is the reason for NTC thermistors to suppress surges?

When the PC is cold-started, a large surge current will be generated, that is, the AC 220V mains voltage will give the PC a large power-on inrush current. This large surge current may burn the power supply and the internal circuit of the host. It is necessary to set up a surge suppression circuit, so that the surge current is small when the PC is turned on, and the normal 220V power supply state can be restored after the PC is turned on.