Briefly describe the application of MPLS in traffic engineering?
Traffic engineering: With the rapid growth of network resource requirements, the expansion of IP application requirements, and the increasingly fierce market competition, traffic engineering has become a major application of MPLS. Because IP routing follows the shortest path principle, it is very difficult to implement traffic engineering on traditional IP networks. In traditional IP networks, once a path is selected for an IP packet, it does not matter whether the link is congested or not. IP packets will be transmitted along this path, which will cause the entire network to over-utilize resources in one place, while the network resources are idle in other places.
In MPLS, traffic engineering can transfer traffic from the shortest path calculated by the Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) to a possible, non-blocking physical path in the network. By controlling the path that IP packets travel in the network, it avoids traffic from flowing to congested nodes and realizes the rational use of network resources. The traffic management mechanism of MPLS mainly includes path selection, load balancing, path backup, fault recovery, path priority, and collision. MPLS is well suited to provide the basis for traffic engineering in large ISP networks for several reasons.
First, it supports deterministic paths, and a deterministic physical path can be defined for each LSP. Second, LSP statistical parameters can be used for network planning and analysis to identify bottlenecks and master the usage of trunks.
Again, constraint-based routing enables LSPs to meet specific needs.
Finally, it does not depend on a specific data link layer protocol, can support a variety of physical and link layer technologies (IP/ATM, Ethernet, PPP, frame relay, optical transmission, etc.), and can run in packet-based networks above.
What is the test principle of the performance/indicator test?
By timing, there is a judgement on how quickly a card can complete an action.
What is the composition of the linear induction synchronizer?
The linear induction synchronizer consists of a sliding ruler and a fixed ruler that can move relatively.
What is the static nature of the sensor?
When the measured information of the human body is in a stable state, if the input of the sensor remains unchanged for a long time or changes extremely slowly, the relationship between the output and the input of the sensor is a static characteristic.
What are the advantages of a resonant quartz crystal temperature sensor?
It has the advantages of high resolution, high long-term stability, and strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability. Its sensitivity is much greater than that of most temperature sensors and thermometers, including platinum resistance thermometers. The error of the temperature measuring device based on the resonant quartz crystal temperature sensor is much smaller than that of the commonly used platinum resistance thermometer and transmitter.
What are the interfaces between the network and the MTC server?
MTCsms,MTCi,MTCsp
What are the main points of the veneer design?
DCLK processing mode; multi-chip configuration signal processing; driving high fan-out signals; configuration chip delay.
What is the inverse piezoelectric effect?
When an electric field is applied in the polarization direction of dielectrics, these dielectrics also deform, a phenomenon called the inverse piezoelectric effect (electrostrictive effect).
What are the main functions of the control law accelerator?
Runs at the same system clock frequency, SYSCLKOUT, as the main CPU frequency. A standalone architecture allows control law accelerator algorithms to execute independently of the main CPU. The program code of the control law accelerator can consist of 8 tasks and interrupt service routines.
What are the three very important principles in the production of serial lines?
- If it is a ground wire, the ground wire is directly connected, and the purpose is to allow both parties to have a reference level;
- If it is an extension line, the line number with the same name is connected;
- If it is a communication line, the transmit on one end is connected to the receive on the other end.
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