Ten Daily Electronic Common Sense-Section 40

What are the types of patterned film forming technology?

Patterned film forming technologies include inkjet printing, screen printing, micro-contact printing, lithography and maskless lithography, capillary molding printing, spray printing, etc.

What are the classifications of embedded systems?

1. Embedded Microprocessor Unit (EMPU)
2. Microcontroller Unit (MCU)
3. DSP Processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP)
4. System on Chip (SoC)

What is the principle of the amplitude control method?

The principle of the amplitude control method is that the constant current circuit of the column driver has a logic programmable function. The binary number representing the gray level of the pixel is connected to the logic control input end of the constant current circuit. Different binary numbers will result in different current amplitude values at the constant current output end, thereby realizing grayscale display.

What is the working principle of the zirconium dioxide type oxygen sensor?

The basic element of the zirconia oxygen sensor is a test tube-like solid dielectric made of a zirconium tube, a special ceramic body (ie, a zirconia solid dielectric). The zirconium tube is fixed in a fixing sleeve with fixing screws, the inner surface is communicated with the atmosphere, and the outer surface is communicated with the engine exhaust gas. The inner and outer surfaces of the zirconium tube are coated with a layer of porous platinum film as an electrode. In order to prevent the engine exhaust gas from corroding the platinum film, a layer of porous ceramic powder is sprayed on the outer surface of the zirconium tube as a protective film.

What is the current rate control method?

Generally divided into two levels, the picture layer rate control and the macroblock layer rate control.
The main task of rate control at the image layer is to determine the output expectation of a frame of image before encoding it according to the system’s expectation of the encoder’s output rate, the limit of the system’s transmission delay, and the overflow of the transmission buffer. number of bits.
The main task of the macroblock layer rate control is to select the appropriate quantization step size for each part of the image macroblock according to the expected output bit number of the frame image determined by the image layer rate control. The main basis for each control of macroblock layer code j is the rate-distortion (Rate.Distortion) model.

What is a data terminal device?

Data Terminal Equipment (Data Terminal Equipment, DTE) is a data source that generates data or a data sink that receives data. It converts human-identifiable information into data represented by digital codes, and sends these data to a remote computer system. data transmission and reception.

What design is used in the design of the monitoring screen of the power grid dispatching center?

Industrial configuration software, choose domestic configuration software Kingview design.

What is a voltage regulator?

A voltage regulator, as the name suggests, is a device that stabilizes the output voltage. All voltage regulators use the same technology to stabilize the output voltage. The output voltage is sampled (Sampled) by a resistor (ResistiveDivider) connected to the inverting input (InvertingInput) of the error amplifier (ErrorAmplifier). The non-inverting input is connected to a reference voltage Vref.
The reference voltage is generated by the bandgap reference source (BandgapReference) inside the IC. The error amplifier is always trying to force the inputs to be equal across it. To this end, it provides load current to keep the output voltage stable. According to the working state of the adjustment tube, we often divide the regulated power supply into two categories: linear regulated power supply and switching regulated power supply.
In addition, there is a small power supply that uses a Zener tube. Comparison of Linear Regulators and Switching Regulators. Advantages of linear voltage regulators: simple output ripple voltage excellent line and load regulation; fast response to changes in load and line; low electromagnetic interference (EMI). Disadvantages: low efficiency; requires more space if cooling equipment is required. Advantages of switching voltage regulators: Ability to handle higher power densities; high efficiency (reduces source power requirements for cooling); topology results can be used to deliver single or multiple output voltages, greater or less than the generated output voltage . Disadvantages: The instantaneous recovery time is slow; the output ripple voltage is high; electromagnetic interference is generated.
(EMI) regulator is also a power supply circuit or power supply equipment that can automatically adjust the output voltage. Various circuits or electrical equipment can work normally under the rated working voltage. 
The voltage stabilizer has a large power voltage stabilizer of tens to hundreds of kilowatts, which is the working power supply for large-scale experimental equipment. There are also small AC voltage regulators of several watts to several kilowatts that provide high-quality power for small laboratory or home appliances. The original power regulators relied on the beating of relays to stabilize the voltage. When the grid voltage fluctuates, the automatic correction circuit of the power stabilizer is activated to make the internal relay operate. Forcing the output voltage to remain near the set value, the advantage of this circuit is that the circuit is simple, but the disadvantage is that the voltage regulation accuracy is not high, and every time the relay jumps and shifts, an instantaneous interruption of the power supply will occur. and spark interference. This greatly interferes with the reading and writing work of computer equipment, and it is easy to cause error signals in the computer, and in severe cases, the hard disk will be damaged.
At present, most of the high-quality small voltage stabilizers use the method of motor-driven carbon brush to stabilize the voltage. This voltage stabilizer has little spark interference to electrical equipment, and the voltage stabilization accuracy is relatively high.

What is included in the data link layer specification?

1. The services provided by the data link layer for the network layer. These services constitute a black-box model of data link layer requirements.
2. The requirements of the logical link control sublayer include HART frame format, HART device address structure, security services for information integrity, and error detection codes.
3. The rules defined by the medium access control sublayer ensure that many devices can send data in an orderly manner. In other words, the medium access control sublayer specifies when a device is allowed to send a piece of data.
4. The actual time value that satisfies the correct operation of the medium access control sublayer. These actual time values directly reflect some physical layer performance characteristics (eg channel evaluation time, transmit/receive state transition time)

Hypercube’s social latent network multipath routing protocol What are the two stages of the algorithm?

Social Feature Extraction and Multipath Routing. Among them, in the process of social feature extraction, the Shannon entropy principle is applied to extract the most informative features of nodes, and the routing problem is transformed into a feature matching problem of super cubes by forming a social feature space. In the second stage, two multipath routing protocols, node disjoint path and delegated forwarding, are proposed. Through simulation and verification of real data sets, the algorithm has achieved significant improvements in delivery rate and message delay.