Ten Daily Electronic Common Sense-Section 145

What are the main functions of the network layer?

It manages and assigns network addresses, automatically formulates and maintains network routing information, and realizes route discovery.
On the basis of the MAC layer, the routing, forwarding and delivery functions of data in the network are realized, and a simple and direct data transmission interface is provided to the application layer.

What is adaptive control (AC)?

The main control concept of adaptive control is to adjust the controller as the process variable changes.
It can be said that adaptive control is a special kind of nonlinear control, and its state variables can be divided into two groups according to the speed of change.
Faster changing state variables correspond to process variables (inner loop), and slower changing state variables correspond to estimated process (or controller) parameters.
Adaptive controllers have traditionally been classified into one of two categories: model reference adaptive controllers (MRACs) and self-tuning controllers.

What is SOPC Builder?

SoPC is the mainstream of current IC design and represents the future of semiconductor technology and ASIC design.
Altera company integrates SoPC design ideas into its development tool SOPC Builder, which greatly improves the design efficiency of electronic engineers. The development speed of the electronic system is accelerated, the design cost is saved, and the design cycle is shortened.
Altera Corporation has integrated SOPC Builder tool in its development tool QuartusⅡ. With the aid of this tool, designers can easily complete system integration, software and hardware co-design and verification. Maximize the performance of electronic systems, speed up design and save design cost.
As an Altera Nios embedded processor software development kit, SOPC Builder realizes the configuration, generation and software debugging of the Nios system. It is an automated system development tool that greatly simplifies the design of high-performance SoPCs.
The tool provides an intuitive graphical user interface through which users can simplify system definition work. Because SOPC Builder does not need to write HDL code directly to define the system, this greatly saves design and development time.
SOPC Builder provides a wizard for each component, and the function of the component can be easily defined by using the wizard. For example, it is very easy to add a Nios processor, peripheral interfaces, etc. in a design through a wizard.
In order to interconnect microprocessor cores, peripherals, memory and other IP cores, SOPC Builder can automatically generate the required logic for on-chip buses and bus arbitrators. By automating previously error-prone work, SOPC Builder can save weeks or even months of development time.
SOPC Builder implements all aspects of embedded system development, including software design and verification, in one tool. It provides strong support for making full use of SoPC technology to improve the performance of electronic systems and reduce costs.

What are the main aspects of grating sensors?

The grating sensor is made according to the principle of Moiré fringes, and it is mainly used for the measurement of linear displacement and angular displacement.

What are the offset and gain adjustment methods?

1. Find out which channel the analog quantity after D/A conversion is output from.
2. When adjusting the offset/gain, it should be adjusted in the order of offset adjustment and gain adjustment.
3. When adjusting the offset, set X0 to ON. When adjusting the gain, set Xl to ON.
4. Use the 0FFSET and GAIN knobs to adjust the offset and gain of channel 1.
5. Repeatedly and alternately adjust the offset value and gain value until a stable value is obtained (that is, when the digital quantity is 0, the analog output is 0mV or 4mA. When the digital quantity is 4000, the analog output m is 10V or 20mA).

What is a capacitor?

A capacitor (Capacitor) is a device that can store charges (when a voltage is applied between the two poles, the plates can be charged), usually referred to as capacitance.
It includes two categories of fixed capacitors and variable capacitors.
The capacitance of a fixed capacitor cannot be changed, and the capacitance of a variable capacitor can be changed by adjustment.

What are the data types defined by the VHDL user of the combined circuit?

1. Enumeration type
2. Array type
3. Record type
4. Physical type

What are the two effective constraints of the converter on the turns ratio?

• Decreasing with the previous part will limit the output power. The drain of the MOSFET will see a voltage equal to the input voltage plus the output voltage times the turns ratio, and the total amount of overshoot pulses will cause an increase in leakage inductance.
• Increasing the turns ratio will increase the peak current in the output diode, thereby reducing efficiency.

What are the power pins of the LPC2000 series ARM?

LPC2000 series ARM contains 4 groups of power supply pins, namely V18, V3, V18A and V V3A.

What are the characteristics of the state transition diagram?

1. Complex control tasks or control processes can be decomposed into several states. No matter how complex the process is, it can be decomposed into several states, which is conducive to the structured design of the program.
2. Compared with a certain specific state, the control task is simple. It brings convenience to the compilation of local programs.
3. The overall program is a synthesis of the local programs. As long as you know the actions that need to be completed in each state, the conditions for state transition, and the direction of transition, you can design the state transition diagram.
4. This kind of graphics is easy to understand and highly readable. Can clearly reflect the process of the entire control.